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Quartile Formula

Just like the median divides the set of observation into two equal parts when arranged in the numerical order, in the same way quartile divides the set of observation into 4 equal parts.

The value of the middle term, between the first term and median is known as first or Lower Quartile and is denoted as Q1. The value of middle term between the last term and the median is known as third or Upper Quartile and is denoted as Q3.The median itself is known as the Second Quartile and is denoted as Q2

When the set of observation is arranged in an ascending order, then the Lower quartile is given as:

Q$_1$ = $(\frac{n+1}{4})^{th}$ term

If the solution is a decimal number then, Lower quartile Q1 is given by rounding it to the nearest whole integer.

The Second quartile, which is the median of the set of observation is given as:

Q$_2$ = $(\frac{n+1}{2})^{th}$ term

The Upper quartile is given as,

Q$_3$ = $(\frac{3(n+1)}{4})^{th})$ term

If the solution is a decimal number then, Upper quartile Q3 is given by rounding it to the nearest whole integer.

The lower and the upper quartile value helps us to find the measure of dispersion in the set of observation, which is called as 'inter-quartile range', it is denoted as IQR and it is the difference between upper and lower quartile.

IQR = $Q_3 - Q_1$

 Related Calculators First Quartile Calculator Acceleration Formula Calculator Area of a Circle Formula Calculator Area of a Cylinder Formula Calculator

Quartile Problems

Below are the problems based on Quartile:

Solved Examples

Question 1: Find the median, lower quartile, upper quartile and inter-quartile range of the following data set of scores: 19, 22, 24, 20, 24, 27, 25, 24, 30 ?
Solution:

First, lets arrange of the values in an ascending order:
19, 20, 22, 24, 24, 24, 25, 27, 30
Now lets calculate the Median,
Median = $\left(\frac{n + 1}{2} \right)^{th}$ term

= $\left(\frac{9 + 1}{2} \right)^{th}$ term

= 5th term
= 24

Lower quartile = $\left(\frac{n + 1}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= $\left(\frac{9 + 1}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= $\left(\frac{10}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= 2.5th
Find the average of 2nd and 3rd term
= $\frac{20 + 22}{2}$

= $\frac{42}{2}$

= 21

Upper quartile = $\left(\frac{3(n + 1)}{4} \right)^{th}$

= $\left(\frac{3(9 + 1)}{4} \right)^{th}$

= $\left(\frac{3(10)}{4} \right)^{th}$

= $\left(\frac{30}{4} \right)^{th}$

= 7.5th

(lets find the average of 7th and 8th term)
= $\frac{25 + 27}{2}$

= $\frac{52}{2}$

= 26

Inter - quartile = Upper quartile - lower quartile
= 26 - 21
= 5

Question 2: Find the first quartile, second quartile and third quartile of the given information of the following sequence 4, 77, 16, 59, 93, 88 ?
Solution:

First, lets arrange of the values in an ascending order :
4, 16, 59, 77, 88, 93
Given n = 6
$\therefore$ Lower quartile = $\left(\frac{n + 1}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= $\left(\frac{6 + 1}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= $\left(\frac{7}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= 1.7 th term

Here we can consider the 2nd term (rounding 1.7 to nearest whole integer) from the set of observation.
$\Rightarrow$ 2nd term = 16
Lower quartile = 16

Upper quartile = $\left(\frac{3(n + 1)}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= $\left(\frac{3(6 + 1)}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= $\left(\frac{21}{4} \right)^{th}$ term

= 5.25th
Here we can consider the 5th term (rounding 5.25 to nearest whole integer) from the set of observation.
$\Rightarrow$ 5.25th = 88
Upper quartile = 88

Inter - quartile = Upper quartile - lower quartile
= 88 - 16
= 72

 More topics in Quartile Formula Interquartile Range Formula
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